Oral Tumors in Dogs & Cats | Canton Animal Hospital

Common Oral Tumors in Cats

Oral tumors in cats are less common than in dogs but tend to be more aggressive. Below are the most frequently diagnosed feline oral tumors:

• Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC) – The most common oral tumor in cats, accounting for 60-70% of cases. Highly invasive, often affecting the gums, tongue, and jawbone.

• Fibrosarcoma – Represents 10-20% of feline oral tumors and tends to infiltrate soft tissues and bone, making complete removal difficult.

• Malignant Melanoma – A rare but aggressive oral cancer in cats, with a high metastatic rate.

• Osteosarcoma of the Jaw – Affects the jawbone, requiring aggressive surgical intervention.

• Papilloma & Other Benign Tumors – Non-cancerous growths that may cause discomfort or interfere with eating.

How Oral Tumors Are Diagnosed In Dogs and Cats

Accurate diagnosis is essential for determining the best treatment plan for oral tumors in dogs. Our veterinary team employs advanced diagnostic techniques to ensure precise identification and staging of the tumor.

• Physical Examination – Evaluating visible growths, swelling, and signs of discomfort.

• Biopsy & Histopathology – A tissue sample is collected and analyzed under a microscope to confirm whether the tumor is benign or malignant and to determine its specific type.

• Dental X-Rays & Imaging – Used to evaluate the extent of the tumor’s impact on surrounding teeth and bones, especially in cases of squamous cell carcinoma and ameloblastomas.

• CT scan or MRI – Provides highly detailed images, especially useful for detecting fibrosarcoma and osteosarcomas that invade soft tissue and bone structures.

• Lymph Node Evaluation – Checking for potential cancer spread to nearby lymph nodes. In cases of a malignant oral tumor, full staging (searching for potential spread to other locations in the body) is highly recommended, as malignant tumors can spread. This may include bloodwork, urinalysis, X-rays of the lungs, and possibly an abdominal ultrasound. If local lymph nodes are enlarged or feel abnormal, further sampling by FNA may be pursued to determine if spread is present. "Depending on tumor type, metastasis be as high as 80%."

• The results of the histopathology report will indicate how the tumor is likely to behave. The veterinary pathologist will include information about the probability of local recurrence or metastasis.

Surgical Removal of Oral Tumors in Cats

Surgery is the most effective treatment for many feline oral tumors, but due to their aggressive nature, complete removal can be challenging.

• Squamous Cell Carcinoma Surgery – Wide excision is necessary, often requiring partial removal of the jawbone for complete tumor removal.

• Fibrosarcoma Excision – Deep tissue and bone involvement make full excision difficult, increasing the likelihood of recurrence.

• Malignant Melanoma Surgery – Rare in cats but requires wide-margin removal due to its aggressive behavior.

• Osteosarcoma Surgery – Mandibulectomy or maxillectomy is often required, combined with follow-up radiation therapy.

Radiation Therapy – Often recommended for SCC in cats, as surgical excision alone may not be curative.

Chemotherapy & Palliative Care – Used in cases where surgery is not possible or when tumors are too advanced.

Additional Treatment Options for Oral Tumors in Dogs and Cats

While surgery is the primary treatment for many oral tumors, additional therapies may be necessary depending on the tumor type, size, and spread.

• Radiation Therapy – Used for tumors that cannot be completely removed surgically or as a follow-up to prevent recurrence. It is especially effective for squamous cell carcinoma and ameloblastomas, helping to slow tumor progression.

• Chemotherapy – Typically recommended for aggressive cancers like malignant melanoma and osteosarcoma to slow disease progression and reduce metastasis risk.

• Palliative Care – Focuses on pain relief and supportive care for pets with advanced or non-operable tumors, ensuring quality of life.

• Immunotherapy & Targeted Therapy – Emerging treatments that help the immune system recognize and fight cancer cells, particularly effective for melanomas.

• Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) – A light-based treatment used in early-stage tumors to destroy cancerous cells while preserving surrounding tissues.

Post-Treatment Care & Recovery

• Pain Management & Medication – Prescribed pain relief to ensure a comfortable recovery.

• Soft Food Diet – Encouraging healing with easy-to-eat foods, especially after surgery.

• Incision & Wound Monitoring – Watching for signs of infection or delayed healing.

• Regular Follow-Ups – Monitoring progress and checking for signs of recurrence.

• Oral Hygiene Maintenance – Preventing secondary infections with good dental care.

Expected Outcome After Treatment

• Early Detection Leads to Better Outcomes – Dogs diagnosed early have a higher success rate with treatment.

• Surgical Removal Can Be Curative – Some tumors, if completely removed, may not return.

• Ongoing Monitoring is Essential – Regular check-ups help track recovery and detect possible recurrences.

• Palliative Care Can Improve Quality of Life – In advanced cases, supportive care ensures comfort and pain relief.

Schedule a Consultation for Oral Tumor Treatment

If your dog or cat has an oral tumor, Call us today or Book an Appointment Online to discuss your pet’s treatment options.