Hip Dysplasia in Dogs

Key Characteristics of Canine Hip Dysplasia:

• Abnormal development of the hip joint.

• Joint laxity, instability, and misalignment.

• Malformation of the femoral head and acetabulum.

• Progression into osteoarthritis if left untreated.

Prevalence of Hip Dysplasia in Dogs

Hip dysplasia is one of the most common orthopedic disorders in dogs, particularly in large and giant breeds. It is the leading cause of canine osteoarthritis. Although rare in small dogs, hip dysplasia can occur in any breed. Large dogs (over 11-12 kg) experience more severe bone changes, while smaller breeds may have milder symptoms.

Diagnosing Hip Dysplasia in Dogs

A veterinarian will perform several tests to confirm hip dysplasia, including:

Physical Examination – Checking for pain, stiffness, and joint instability. Hip Manipulation Tests – Techniques like the Ortolani test to detect looseness in the hip joint. X-rays (Radiographs) – The gold standard for confirming hip dysplasia and assessing joint damage. CT or MRI Scans – Used in severe cases to evaluate cartilage and soft tissue damage.

Early diagnosis allows for better treatment options and long-term management.

Treatment Options for Hip Dysplasia in Dogs

Treatment depends on severity, age, and overall health of the dog. Options include non-surgical and surgical treatments.

1. Non-Surgical Treatment (Conservative Management)

• Weight Management – Keeping your dog at a healthy weight reduces joint strain.

• Joint Supplements – Glucosamine, chondroitin, and omega-3s support joint health.

• Physical Therapy – Strengthens muscles and improves mobility.

• Pain Medication – NSAIDs like carprofen help reduce inflammation and pain.

• Exercise Modification – Low-impact activities like swimming and walking on soft surfaces help maintain movement.

• Orthopedic Bedding & Assistive Devices – Memory foam beds, ramps, and harnesses improve comfort and mobility.

For mild cases, non-surgical management can improve quality of life significantly.

Surgical Treatments for Severe Hip Dysplasia

In moderate to severe cases, surgery may be recommended to restore joint function.

A. Juvenile Pubic Symphysiodesis (JPS)

• Best for: Puppies under 5 months old.

• Procedure: Alters pelvis growth to improve hip alignment.

• Outcome: Prevents worsening of hip dysplasia if done early.

B. Triple Pelvic Osteotomy (TPO)

• Best for: Young dogs (6-12 months) with mild hip dysplasia.

• Procedure: Rotates hip socket for better fit.

• Outcome: Reduces joint wear and prevents arthritis.

C. Femoral Head Ostectomy (FHO)

• Best for: Small to medium-sized dogs with severe hip pain.

• Procedure: Removes femoral head to create a false joint.

• Outcome: Reduces pain; allows near-normal movement over time.

D. Total Hip Replacement (THR)

• Best for: Large-breed dogs with severe hip dysplasia.

• Procedure: Replaces the hip joint with a prosthetic implant.

• Outcome: Restores full mobility and eliminates pain.

Your veterinarian will determine the best surgical option based on your dog’s condition.

If your dog is showing signs of hip dysplasia, early intervention is key to managing pain and preserving mobility. Contact Canton Animal Hospital today for an expert evaluation.

Preventing Hip Dysplasia in Dogs

While genetics play a major role, you can take steps to reduce the risk of hip dysplasia in your dog.

• Choose Reputable Breeders – Select breeders who perform hip screenings (OFA or PennHIP certification).

• Maintain a Healthy Weight – Avoid excessive weight gain in puppies and adults.

• Proper Nutrition – Feed balanced diets with controlled calcium and phosphorus levels.

• Controlled Exercise – Avoid high-impact activities in growing puppies.

• Regular Vet Checkups – Early detection leads to better treatment options.

Prevention strategies can significantly reduce the risk of hip dysplasia in at-risk breeds.

Femoral Head Ostectomy (FHO) Surgery in Dogs & Cats

What Is FHO Surgery?

Femoral Head Ostectomy (FHO) is a surgical procedure used to treat hip disorders by removing the femoral head (ball) of the hip joint, eliminating bone-on-bone contact and reducing pain. Over time, a false joint forms with surrounding muscles supporting movement.

When Is FHO Recommended?

• Severe hip dysplasia causing chronic pain

• Hip luxation (dislocation) that cannot be corrected

• Fractured femoral head or neck from trauma

• Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease, common in small breeds

• Severe arthritis or joint degeneration

• Cost-effective alternative to Total Hip Replacement (THR)

FHO Surgery Procedure

Step 1: General anesthesia is administered Step 2: A small incision is made over the hip joint Step 3: The femoral head (ball) is surgically removed Step 4: Soft tissues and muscles help form a false joint Step 5: The incision is closed, and recovery begins

Benefits of FHO Surgery

• Eliminates chronic hip pain

• Restores mobility for an active lifestyle

• Prevents further joint deterioration

• Works well for small to medium-sized dogs & cats

• More affordable than Total Hip Replacement (THR)

FHO Recovery & Rehabilitation

• Strict rest for 2-4 weeks post-surgery

• Gradual return to activity with controlled leash walks

• Physical therapy & rehab exercises to improve mobility

• Pain management & anti-inflammatory medications

• Most pets recover within 8-12 weeks

FHO is a highly effective option for pets suffering from hip pain and joint dysfunction.

Total Hip Replacement (THR) in Dogs

What Is Total Hip Replacement (THR)?

Total Hip Replacement (THR) is a surgical procedure used to treat severe hip dysplasia, arthritis, or chronic hip pain in dogs. The procedure involves:

• Removing the damaged hip joint

• Replacing it with an artificial hip implant

• Restoring pain-free movement and normal joint function

THR is the gold standard for treating advanced hip disease, allowing dogs to regain full range of motion and return to an active lifestyle.

Who Is a Candidate for Total Hip Replacement?

THR is best suited for dogs experiencing chronic hip pain that does not improve with medication or therapy. Ideal candidates include:

• Dogs with severe hip dysplasia causing pain and mobility issues

• Dogs with end-stage arthritis that affects quality of life

• Dogs with hip luxation (dislocation) that cannot be corrected by other means

• Dogs who have failed conservative treatment (pain management, joint supplements, therapy)

• Dogs over 10-12 months old (to allow full skeletal development)

Small, medium, and large breeds can undergo THR, but dogs must be healthy enough for surgery.

Types of Total Hip Replacement Implants

THR involves replacing both the femoral head (ball) and acetabulum (socket) with prosthetic components made of metal and plastic.

1. Cemented Hip Replacement

• Uses bone cement to secure the implant

• Recommended for older or less active dogs

• Provides immediate stability but may wear out over time

2. Cementless Hip Replacement

• Implant fuses with the bone naturally over time

• Ideal for young, active dogs needing long-term durability

• Takes longer to fully stabilize but has lower risk of loosening

Your veterinarian will determine the best option based on your dog’s size, age, and activity level.

How Is Total Hip Replacement Performed?

Step 1: The dog is placed under general anesthesia Step 2: The diseased femoral head (ball) and acetabulum (socket) are removed Step 3: A prosthetic femoral head and socket are securely implanted Step 4: The joint is tested for proper movement and stability Step 5: The incision is closed, and recovery begins

The entire procedure takes approximately 2-3 hours, followed by a monitored recovery.

Benefits of Total Hip Replacement (THR)

• Eliminates chronic pain caused by hip dysplasia or arthritis

• Restores near-normal joint function and mobility

• Long-lasting solution, with implants lasting 10+ years

• Allows active dogs to resume normal activities, including running and playing Reduces the need for long-term pain medication and therapy

Most dogs return to an active, pain-free lifestyle after a full recovery.

Recovery & Post-Surgical Care

Recovery from THR is gradual, and post-operative care is crucial for success.

• Hospitalization for 1-2 days after surgery

• Strict rest for the first 6-8 weeks – no running, jumping, or rough play

• Leash walks only for controlled activity

• Physical therapy recommended to improve strength and flexibility

• Pain management and anti-inflammatory medications may be prescribed

• Follow-up X-rays at 6-8 weeks to confirm healing and implant stability

Most dogs return to normal activity within 3-4 months.

Total Hip Replacement vs. Other Hip Dysplasia Treatments

THR is the best option for long-term pain relief and full mobility restoration.

FAQs About Total Hip Replacement in Dogs

1. Is Total Hip Replacement Painful for My Dog?

• No. The surgery eliminates chronic pain, and post-operative discomfort is managed with

  pain relief medications.

2. How Successful Is THR Surgery?

• Over 90% of dogs regain normal mobility and remain pain-free for 10+ years.

3. When Should I Consider THR for My Dog?

• If your dog has severe hip pain, limited mobility, or reduced quality of life and other treatments are ineffective.

4. What Are the Risks of Total Hip Replacement?

• Potential risks include:

  • Infection (rare with proper aftercare)

  • Implant loosening or dislocation

    (low risk with proper healing)

  • Blood clot formation (managed with post-surgical care)

5. How Much Does Total Hip Replacement Cost?

• The cost varies by location but generally ranges from $8000to $10,000 per hip, including:

  • Surgery

  • Hospitalization

  • Post-operative care and follow-up X-rays

Many pet insurance plans cover orthopedic surgeries like THR.

Pubic Symphysiodesis in Puppies with Hip Dysplasia

What Is Juvenile Pubic Symphysiodesis (JPS)?

Juvenile Pubic Symphysiodesis (JPS) is a preventive surgical procedure performed in young puppies to reduce the risk or severity of hip dysplasia. The procedure modifies the growth of the pelvis, improving the alignment of the hip joints before full skeletal maturity.

JPS is a minimally invasive surgery that involves cauterizing the growth plate in the pubic bone, which alters the way the pelvis develops, leading to better coverage of the femoral head within the hip socket. This improved joint conformation reduces the likelihood of future arthritis and hip pain.

Which Dogs Are Candidates for JPS?

JPS is most effective when performed early in a dog’s life.

• Age: Puppies between 12-20 weeks old (ideal before 16 weeks).

• Breed: Large and giant breeds prone to hip dysplasia, such as:

  • Labrador Retrievers

  • German Shepherds

  • Golden Retrievers

  • Rottweilers

  • Great Danes

• Diagnostic Confirmation:

  • Must be identified early using PennHIP radiographs, which measure joint laxity and risk of hip dysplasia.

  • After 20 weeks of age, JPS is no longer effective, and other treatment options may be required.

How Is JPS Surgery Performed?

• Minimally invasive procedure done under general anesthesia.

• A small incision is made to access the pubic symphysis (the cartilage between the left and right pelvic bones).

• Heat or electrocautery is applied to stop further growth of the pubic symphysis, causing the pelvis to rotate slightly outward as the puppy grows.

• The result is better coverage of the hip joint, reducing joint laxity and future arthritis risk.

PS is usually performed at the same time as spay or neuter surgery to avoid multiple anesthetic procedures.

Benefits of Juvenile Pubic Symphysiodesis (JPS)

• Prevents or reduces hip dysplasia severity before symptoms develop.

• Minimally invasive with a quick recovery time.

• Better long-term hip function and mobility.

• Reduces risk of arthritis and need for future hip surgery.

• Less expensive than major hip surgeries like Total Hip Replacement (THR) or Femoral Head Ostectomy (FHO) later in life.

Recovery & Aftercare

• Short recovery period – Most puppies return to normal activity within 2 weeks.

• Mild post-surgical discomfort, managed with pain medication.

• Limited activity for 7-10 days to allow healing.

• Regular veterinary follow-ups and hip X-rays to monitor development.

How Does JPS Compare to Other Hip Dysplasia Treatments?

JPS is a preventive surgery, while FHO and THR are corrective treatments for advanced cases.

Is JPS Right for My Puppy?

JPS is ideal for young puppies diagnosed early with hip laxity via PennHIP screening. If your puppy is at risk for hip dysplasia, early intervention can prevent painful joint problems in the future.