What is involved in wellness testing?

There are three main categories of wellness testing for young to middle-aged cats: complete blood count (CBC), biochemistry profile, and urinalysis. Within each category, the veterinarian will determine how extensive the testing should be. In younger cats without noticeable health complaints, relatively simple testing may be adequate. In middle-aged cats, more comprehensive testing may be beneficial.

Complete Blood Count - This simple blood test analyses the cellular components in the bloodstream. These include red blood cells, which carry oxygen to the tissues, white blood cells, which fight infection and respond to inflammation, and platelets, which help the blood clot. The CBC provides details about the number, size, and shape of the various cell types, and identifies the presence of any abnormal cells. 

Biochemistry Profile - This is a series of tests performed on serum, which is the liquid component of blood. These tests provide information about how well the various organs of the body are working and help to detect the presence of some metabolic diseases. There are tests to assess the liver and kidneys, tests to identify the presence of diabetes, and so on. If minor abnormalities are found on the biochemistry profile, the veterinarian may simply request that you repeat the tests at a later time; depending on the abnormality, this may be in a few days, a few weeks, or a few months. In some cases, a more extensive diagnostic workup may be recommended, including an expanded biochemistry profile, or special tests and/or imaging (x-rays, ultrasound).

Urinalysis - Urine evaluation includes an analysis of the chemical components in the sample as well as a microscopic examination of the cells and solid material that may be present. Urinalysis provides information about how well the kidneys are working, identifies the presence of inflammation or infection in the kidneys and urinary system, and may detect the presence of underlying metabolic diseases such as diabetes. Urinalysis is necessary for a complete assessment of the urinary system. It should be performed routinely as part of wellness testing and is especially important whenever there is concern about kidney function or underlying metabolic disease. 

In Summary

Wellness testing is a simple and effective way of monitoring your cat's health. Early detection and correction of medical problems help to ensure that your pet will have a long, healthy, and active life.

Contributors: Krista Williams, BSc, DVM, CCRP; Kristiina Ruotsalo, DVM, DVSc, Dip ACVP & Margo S. Tant BSc, DVM, DVSc